Phonetic Alphabet
ITU Phonetic Alphabet |
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Character |
Phonetic |
Character |
Phonetic |
A |
Alfa |
N |
November |
B |
Bravo |
O |
Oscar |
C |
Charlie |
P |
Papa |
D |
Delta |
Q |
Quebec |
E |
Echo |
R |
Romeo |
F |
Foxtrot |
S |
Sierra |
G |
Golf |
T |
Tango |
H |
Hotel |
U |
Uniform |
I |
India |
V |
Victor |
J |
Juliett |
W |
Whiskey |
K |
Kilo |
X |
X-Ray |
L |
Lima |
Y |
Yankee |
M |
Mike |
Z |
Zulu |
Q Code Quick Reference
Signal |
Question |
Answer, Advice or Order |
QRG |
Will you indicate my exact frequency in kiloHz? |
Your frequency is ... kc. |
QRH |
Does my frequency vary? |
Your frequency varies. |
QRI |
How is the tone of my transmission? |
The tone of your transmission is ... 1. Good. 2. Variable. 3. Bad. |
QRJ |
Are you receiving me badly? Are my signals weak? |
I cannot receive you. Your signals are too weak. |
QRK |
What is the legibility of my signals (1 to 5)? |
The legibility of your signals is ... (1 to 5). |
QRL |
Are you busy? |
I am busy (or busy with....). Please do not interfere. |
QRM |
Are you being interfered with? |
I am being interfered with. |
QRN |
Are you troubled by static? |
I am troubled by static. |
QRO |
Must I increase power? |
Increase power. |
QRP |
Must I decrease power? |
Decrease power. |
QRQ |
Must I send faster? |
Send faster ... (words per min.). |
QRS |
Must I send more slowly? |
Transmit more slowly ... (w.p.m.). |
QRT |
Must I stop transmission? |
Stop transmission. |
QRU |
Have you anything for me? |
I have nothing for you. |
QRV |
Are you ready? |
I am ready. |
QRW |
Must I advise ... that you are calling him on ... kc? |
Please advise ... that I am calling him on ... kc. |
QRX |
When will you call again? |
I will call you again at ... hours (on ... kc.). |
QRZ |
By whom am I being called? |
You are being called by ... |
QSA |
What is the strength of my signals (1 to 5)? |
The strength of your signals is ... (1 to 5). |
QSB |
Does the strength of my signals vary? |
The strength of your signals varies. |
QSD |
Is my keying correct? Are my signals distinct? |
Your keying is incorrect; your signals are bad. |
QSG |
Must I transmit ... telegrams (or one telegram) at a time? |
Transmit ... telegrams (or one telegram) at a time. |
QSK |
Shall I continue the transmission of all my traffic? |
I can hear you between my signals. Continue: I shall interrupt you if necessary. |
QSL |
Can you acknowledge receipt? |
I am acknowledging receipt. |
QSM |
Shall I repeat the last telegram I sent you? |
Repeat the last telegram you sent me. |
QSO |
Can you communicate with ... directly (or through...)? |
I can communicate with ... direct (or through...). |
QSP |
Will you relay to ...? |
I will relay to ... free of charge. |
QSV |
Shall I send a series of VVV....? |
Send a series of VVV. |
QSX |
Will you listen for ... (call sign) on ... kcs? |
I am listening for ... on ... kcs. |
QSY |
Shall I change to ... kiloHz without changing the type of wave? |
Change to ... kc. without changing type of wave. |
QSZ |
Shall I send each word or group twice? |
Send each word or group twice. |
QTA |
Shall I cancel nr ... as if it had not been sent? |
Cancel nr ... as if it had not been sent. |
QTB |
Do you agree with my word count? |
I do not agree with your word count; I shall repeat the first letter of each word and the first figure of each number. |
QTC |
How many telegrams have you to send? |
I have ... telegrams for you or for .... |
QTH |
What is your position (location)? |
My position (location) is .... |
QTR |
What is the exact time? |
The exact time is .... |
RST Signal Reporting
R-S-T Characteristics |
Readability R |
Strength S |
Tone T (cw only) |
1 |
Unreadable |
Faint signals, barely perceptible |
Sixty cycle a.c or less, very rough and broad |
2 |
Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable |
Very weak signals |
Very rough a.c., very harsh and broad |
3 |
Readable with considerable difficulty |
Weak signals |
Rough a.c. tone, rectified but not filtered |
4 |
Readable with practically no difficulty |
Fair signals |
Rough note, some trace of filtering |
5 |
Perfectly readable |
Fairly good signals |
Filtered rectified a.c. but strongly ripple-modulated |
6 |
N/A |
Good signals |
Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation |
7 |
N/A |
Moderately strong signals |
Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulation |
8 |
N/A |
Strong signals |
Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation |
9 |
N/A |
Extremely strong signals |
Perfect tone, no trace of ripple or modulation of any kind |
Reporting RST for Phone (AM, FM, SSB)
Select the signal's most prominent characteristic from each of the R and S columns in the chart (the T column is not used for phone). Select the number from the R-S Numeral (left) column which corresponds to each characteristic chosen. This R-S sequence of numbers becomes the RS signal report.
For example, a signal of "5 9" means that the phone signal is Readability 5, and Strength 9; a perfectly readable and extremely strong signal. The term "S-9" is also used to report a Strength 9 for an extremely strong signal. If an S-Meter is being used as a basis of the signal report, an S-9 is the numeric level of 9 (S-Units) on the meter. This reporting system may also be used for phone operation by leaving out the Tone (T) portion of the report.
Reporting RST for CW
Select the signal's most prominent characteristic from each of the R, S, and T columns in the chart. Select the number from the R-S-T Numeral (left) column which corresponds to each characteristic chosen. This R-S-T sequence of numbers becomes the RST signal report.
"RST is 599" - means that the morse code cw signal being assessed is Readability 5 (perfectly readable), Strength 9 (extremely strong signal), Tone 9 (perfect tone). This is the ultimate cw signal.
If the signal has the characteristic stability of crystal control, the letter X may be added to the end of the RST report. Use the the letter C to indicate a chirp on the signal and the letter K for key clicks.
The International Morse Code
A . - |
X - . . - |
B - . . . |
Y - . - - |
C - . - . |
Z - - . . |
D - . . |
0 - - - - - |
E . |
1 . - - - - |
F . . - . |
2 . . - - - |
G - - . |
3 . . . - - |
H . . . . |
4 . . . . - |
I . . |
5 . . . . . |
J . - - - |
6 - . . . . |
K - . - |
7 - - . . . |
L . - . . |
8 - - - . . |
M - - |
9 - - - - . |
N - . |
. (period) . - . - . - |
O - - - |
, - - . . - - |
P . - - . |
? . . - - . . |
Q - - . - |
/ - . . - . |
R . - . |
- (dash) - . . . . - |
S . . . |
AR ( + end msg) . - . - . |
T - |
BT ( = or break) - . . . - |
U . . - |
SK (end of work) . . . - . - |
V . . . - |
HH (error) . . . . . . . . |
W . - - |
|
International Morse Code Recognition
. E |
- . N |
. . I |
- . - K |
. . - U |
- . - . C |
. . - . F |
- . - - Y |
. . - - . . ? |
- . . D |
. . - - - 2 |
- . . - X |
. . . S |
- . . - . / |
. . . - V |
- . . . B |
. . . - . - SK (end work) |
- . . . - BT (break) |
. . . - - 3 |
- . . . . 6 |
. . . . H |
- . . . . - - (dash) |
. . . . - 4 |
|
. . . . . 5 |
|
. . . . . . . . HH (error) |
|
|
|
. - A |
- T |
. - . R |
- - M |
. - . . L |
- - . G |
. - - W |
- - . . Z |
. - - . P |
- - . - Q |
. - - - J |
- - . . . 7 |
. - - - - 1 |
- - - O (oh) |
. - . - . AR (end msg) |
- - - . . 8 |
. - . - . - . (period) |
- - - - . 9 |
- - - - - 0 (zero) |
|
- - . . - - , (comma) |